The+new+historical+period-1976-to+the+1980's

The new historical period 1976 to the 1980s

Keywords
 * Whateverists || A party that followed the teaching of Mao Zedong, led by Hua Guofeng. ||
 * One Child Policy || A Policy that discourage Chinese couples not to have more then one child. The Poicy was started in 1980. ||
 * Four Modernisations. || Goals set by Zhou Enlai to modernise China. The goals were set to improve China agriculture, industry, national defence and science and technology. The goal was introduced in 1963 ||
 * Responsibility System || A system that allowed a family to be responsible for cultivating areas of land within their communes. The family then sign contracts that promise the government that the family will give a fix amount of food to the government and the family can sell the surplues for profits. ||

The Start

Communist in China in 1976 was gaining support over the more extreme "whateverists". Deng Xiaoping returned as a chairman of the Communist Party and as a Deputy Prime Minister. Althought he was second to Hua Guofeng in position, he gained a great amount of support from other Party leaders. China now was in the state of, what the party calls, "new historical period". It meant the the repiod under Mao Zedong was over. China was now putting every effort on improving there economic based on Zhou Enlai's Four Modernisations.

Democracy Wall

One of the signs that the "new historical period" had bugan is the democracy wall. The democracy wall is located in Xidan Street, Xicheng district, Beijing. In 1978, a group of young people started to put a lot posters which criticised Mao Zedong. On the following years, thousands more poster were posted on the wall and it attracted large crowds. With such freedoms, Deng Xiaoping was even more popular. When he was popular and powerful enough, he demoted Hua Guofeng and the "whateverists" with his moderate supporter.



The end of the Gang of Four

The Gang of Four was in prison since October 1976. In 1980-1, the Gang of Four was put into trail and not only the Gang of Four was judged, Mao's record was also judged. The Gang of Four was found guilty andthey were sent to jail for a long time. The removal of the Gang of Four was sometimes consider the end of Cultural Revolution.



The new government

The new government, under Deng Xiaoping's moderate influnce, was able to focus their power oneconomic and social problems. The biggest problem that China faced at that time was poverty. One way of destroying poverty is increase the output of both industry and agriculture. In 1979, the ten years plan was introduced. The changes are 1.New factories were built. 2.Citizens were allowed to start small businesses. 3.Workers were paid more for extra outputs. 4.More consumer goods (cloths, bicycles and cosmetics) were made. In the countryside, a Responsibility System for commune land was started because private plots increased. The Responsibility System works by a family was responsible for a piece of cultivate land. The family then sign a contract that promise a fix amount of food to the government. In return, the peasents can sell surpluses for their own profit. Another problems that China faced is the rapid growth of China population. China's population increase about 12 millions per year at low estimate. To counter this, One Child Policy was introduced. The Policy was introduced in 1980 to help control the population of China. The Policy gives family with one child more aadvantage then family with more then one child. It succeed in city areas but not in the country-side area. The reason was that the people in country-side area have less influnces on them and the couples outside the city areas simply ignored the rules. One Child Policy also increase the minimum age of marriage couples to 22 for male and 20 for female and make written test required if a couple wants to marry.

Good Result Help reduce the growth of Chinese population.

Bad Result. Does'nt effect countryside a lot. A lot of baby girls were murdered because Chinese traditionallly value sons more then daughters.



Video

This video was about the side effect of one child policy. []

Bloom's Questions

(Remembering) What was the biggest problem during the time of the new government? (Understanding) Explain the start of the new historical period? (Applying)Could this have happened right after Chiang Kai Shek's death? (Analyzing)Compare China before and after the new historical period? Which is better? Explain. (Evaluating)Do you think that China would change if China doesn't have the new historical period? (Creating)Is there any way that the new government by Deng Xaioping could develop China?

Keywords

China
 * Democracy Wall || A wall in Beijing which people put posters that criticised Mao Zedong. ||
 * One Child Policy || A Policy that discourage Chinese couples not to have more then one child. The Poicy was started in 1980. ||
 * Zhou Enlai || First Premier of People's Republic of China. He was the important factor of the improvement of China's economy during the new historical period ||
 * Responsibility System || A system that allowed a family to be responsible for cultivating areas of land within their communes. The family then sign contracts that promise the government that the family will give a fix amount of food to the government and the family can sell the surplues for profits. ||
 * Whateverists || A party that followed the teaching of Mao Zedong, led by Hua Guofeng. ||

Russia


 * New Economic Policy (NEP) || An economic policy announced by Lenin. It replaced War Communism that control Russia in the past. It was announced to help Russia's economy from falling. ||
 * Vladimir Lenin || The leader of the Bolsheviks who announced NEP ||
 * Scissor Crisis || An event after the NEP has ended when price of agricultural and industrial products widen. ||
 * War Communism || An economic Policy that take and share the producted gathered by peasants. Later replaced by NEP ||
 * Collectivization || A plan developed by Stalin to erase all trase of capitalism that came with NEP. The plan was strated in 1928. ||

Essay's Question

Compare and contrast Stalins Collectivization and Mao's Great Leap forward.

China and Russia had problems in the past and their leaders, Joseph Stalin of Russia and Mao Zedong of China came up with a solution. Collectivization and Great Leap Forward were introduced as solutions. The policies were the same because both of them killed a lot of people, both policy failed, and both policy involved uniting (Collectivization involved uniting land to make collective farms and Great Leap Forward involved forging villages to communes). The differences are that the goals of both policy were different. Collectivization's goal was to improve the outcome of agricultural product but the main goal of the Great Leap Forward was different. The goal of the Great Leap Forward was to improve both industry and agriculture of the country. Other differents is that after the Great Leap Forward failed, Mao signed of the position of the Head of State. Stalin however, didn't signed of and there was resistance against the Collectivizationa but not against the Great Leap Plan.

Collectivization and Great Leap Forward have a lot of common things. Both policies involved uniting land to work. Collectivization united lands from peasants to improve their agriculture output and a lot of the peasants, espicially the kulaks (rich peasants) hated the policy because the policy took their land that Lenin gave them. The peasants didn't want it but there is a limited number of choice for them because if they don't join the Collectivization, they will be called "the enemy of the state" and shot. Thier only choice was to destroy the product they produced to prevent the government from gaining it. Both policies also killed a lot of people. In both policy, the output of agricultural product dropped and a large amount of people died of stravation. Some of the peasants in the Great Leap Forward also died because the militia beated them up. The reason is that the peasants can't produce enough amount of grain. In the end, both policy failed (in my opinion) because that's not what the government should do. Human's life is far more important then anything else espicially if there are this much human life. Government's job is to make people's life better, not killing the

The main goal of Collectivization was to help develop agriculture of Russia. Stalin believed that Russia's agriculture was terrible and changes were needed. He started Collectivization to improve Russia's agriculture output. In the past, Russia's agriculture was in terrible state. New technology was never use in agriculture and there was nearly no mechanical to use. Collectivization brought more advance technology in agriculture to Russia. In the past, Russia barely have machinaries to use in agriculture and Collectivization brought more machinaries such as tractors. Collectivization also had resistance against it because Collectivization took their land. When Lenin was in power, he started the New Economic Policy and the policy allowed peasants to own land. Collectivization however, took all the land and united the land to form a collective farms. The peasants didn't like it because Collectivization took their land but there was not a lot that they could do. All they can do was kill the products so that the government can't take it and it was one of the causes of famine later on.

In the Great Leap Forward, the main goal was to developed both industry and agriculture of China. In 1958, Mao Zedong, the leader of China at that time, made a tour to the countryside. When he returned to Beijing, he said:"During this trip I have witnessed the tremendous energy of the masses. On this foundation it is possible to accomplish any task whatsoever." In his mind, he planned to make China a top leading industrial and improving agricultural nation. He called his plan the "Great Leap Forward". The plan was to united villages to form a commune. A communes is a group of villages that united. Each villages gave up their land, their animals and their equipment to everybody in the commune. A communes was like a state, able to govern itself. In communes, works were divided. One group of the communes will do a work while the other group of the communes will do other works. The Great Leap Forward also nearly had no resistant at all. Peasants were happy because they gave their land to form a commune and they got to share more land with the other people in their communes.

Collectivization and the Great Leap Forward have many factors that are same and different. Collectivization improved the ariculture of Russia, resistance was found and Stalin was still in power. In the Great Leap Forward however, the goal was different. The the Great Leap Forward improvedd both the industry and agriculture of Russia, resistance was low and Mao sign off after the plan failed.

Biblography

Worksheet Worksheet Part Three:China under Communist rule.

Internet [] [] [] [|http://www.][|historylearningsite.co.uk/collectivisation.htm] [] []

Link

Pre-Communist China and China under Communist rule Unit Two- The Rise of Communism Home