The+New+Revolutionaries

// The New Revolutionaries //

Keywords:
 * ** Terms ** || ** Definition ** ||
 * Communism || A social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state. ||
 * Revolutionaries || A fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time. ||
 * The New Tide || The New Tide was led by a group of teachers at Beijing University, its aim was to get rid of the old fashion ideas and to introduce the modern idea of freedom, equal rights, and scientific progress. ||
 * Sun Yatsen || He was a Chinese revolutionary and political leader. ||
 * Chiang Kai Shek || He was a political and military leader of 20th century China. ||
 * Guomindang || A political party of the Republic of China whose guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People.

1.Nationalism-Overthrow the Qing dynasty. 2.Democracy-Create a republic government. 3.People's Livelihood-Peasants are allow to own lands. ||

The New Revolutionaries
During the year of warlord rule after 1916, young Chinese joined the revolutionary groups to improve their country.The first movement against the peace treaties which ended the Great War of 1914-1918. It began on 4 May 1919 and is known as the May Fourth Movement.

The May Fourth Movement
The May Fourth Movement was an anti-imperialist, cultural, and political movement growing out of student demonstrations in Beijing on May 4, 1919 protesting the Chinese government's weak response to the Treaty of Versailles, especially the Shandong Problem. These demonstrations sparked national protests and marked the upsurge of Chinese nationalism, a shift towards political mobilization and away from cultural activities, and a move towards populist base rather than intellectual elites.




 * The May Fourth movement **

-There was a protest against the peace treaties which ended the Great War of 1914-1918. It began on 4 May 1919 and later known as the May Fourth Movement. - China joined the Great War in 1917 on the side of the Western allies. - 900,000 Chinese laborers went to France, Turkey and Africa to work for the Allied armies in “Labor Battalions”. P.S labour battalions=alternative service or unfree labor in various countries. - During the war, German ships at anchor in Chinese ports were seized, and German businesses were closed.

On may fourth 1919 around 10,000 Beijing students and school pupils organized a massive demonstration. This student rebellion quickly spread throughout the country. Strikes, demonstrations and a boycott of Japanese goods kept China in a state of unrest for the whole of May 1919. The May Fourth movement added strength to a revolution in ideas known as the New Tide.

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New Tide
The New Tide was led by a group of teachers at Beijing University, its aim was to get rid of the old fashion ideas and to introduce the modern idea of freedom, equal rights, and scientific progress. Its other aim was to simplify China's language so that poor and uneducated people could read about the new ideas in magazine and newspapers. Although the thinker of the New Tide wanted an end to foreign control in China, they were perfectly willing to use foreign ideas to achieve their aims.

The Communists and the Guomindang

 * Communism was one set of foreign ideas that found its way to China.
 * The movement of communism began by Karl Marx and his followers in the 19th century.
 * The aims of the early communism were to create a classless society in which most property was commonly owned.
 * In 1918, Mao Zedong, an assistant librarian at Beijing University named Mao Zedong helped set up a ‘Society for the Study of Marxism’.




 * Reorganizing the Guomindang **

Meanwhile in Guanzhou Sun Yatsen was reorganising his party, the Guomindang. Since 1917 Sun and the Guomindang had been in control of its province in the south, In 1924 he announced that the policy of the Guomindang was based on Three Principles: national freedom; democratic government; and the people's livelihood.To achieve his aims, Sun Yatsen needed the foreign help against the warlords who controlled so much in China.

Sun Yatsen gained the support from the USSR. The Russian government gave support to Sun in 1922 by sending one of its most able diplomats, Abram Joffe to help reorganize the Guomindang.

In 1923 the Russian government sent two more agents, Michael Borodin and General Galen to help create a Guomindang army strong enough to beat the warlords and conquer the rest of China.

-In March 1925, Sun Yatsen died of cancer.

-While the other Guomindang leaders argued about who should take his place, Chiang Kaishek was elected as the Commander-in-Chief of the new Guomindang army.

-By that time, his military academy at Huangpu had turned out 500 trained officers, so he could now begin the enormous task of conquering and unifying China.

-In July 1926 Chiang Kaishek began a March to the North to whip up support among ordinary people by promising a ‘national revolution’ and a ‘new order’ in China. Millions of Chinese gladly supported him, because they were sick of warlord rules.

-One of the Guomindang armies, led by Communist officers, rapidly captured Hankow and set up a government there in September 1929. Another Guomindang army later captured Nanjing in 1927 and set up a Nationalist government.

-There was only little fight because warlords, in some case, had to surrender to him when their armies chose to join the Guomindang. -Most poor peasants and workers very well welcomed Chiang’s armies because they believed the propaganda which promised better times ahead.



Bloom's Questions:

 * 1) Knowledge: What is the May Fourth Movement?
 * 2) Comprehension: What is the main idea the New Tide?
 * 3) Application: How is the USSR significant to the Guomindang's army?
 * 4) Analysis: Compare and contrast Mao Zedong, Chiang Kaishek and Sun Yatsen.
 * 5) Evaluation: What do you think about the Warlord's rule in China?
 * 6) Synthesis: What might happen if Sun Yatsen didn't die?

Compare and Contrast Question By Tito

=Compare and Contrast Communist Russia and China?=

The two countries have different cultures and different power statuses, so around the world war II and cold war periods, they appeared differently. Communist Russia fell down in 1989, yet Communist China is still in good shape. China has always been a peaceful countries. during its 5,000 years history, the only government of China which invaded other countries was now called outer Mongolia which was not and is not of the main steam of Chinese culture, so for a peaceful nation and a developing country, communism has done good things to the people. In Russia, the different culture made them do imperialist things as they called themselves a communist country. Communism in Russia wasn't successful.

Sources:

Home
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chiang_Kai-shek ||
 * Part One Pre-Communist China ||
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/May_Fourth_Movement ||
 * http://chineseposters.net/themes/may-fourth-movement.php ||
 * http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/370739/May-Fourth-Movement ||
 * http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun_Yat-sen ||
 * http://www.humanistictexts.org/sun_yat.htm ||

Rubrics

Pre-Communist China

Russia and the USSR